Sociology SOCY Practice Test

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• What does "cultural diffusion" describe?
• Did C. Wright Mills create the concept of sociological imagination to challenge the status quo?
• Critical perspectives in sociology aim to address what concerning deviance and crime?
• Robert Merton proposed the concept of latent functions. Latent functions can be _________ to society.
• Which of the following is associated with the concept of virtual social identity?
• Jon wants to test his hypothesis that suburban residents use more energy per person than residents of urban areas by comparing the numbers between the two groups. Jon is using which type of research method?
• What type of power does Foucault associate with modern forms of surveillance?
• According to definitions of equality, which concept emphasizes the importance of starting points in life?
• Which sociologist is associated with the study of social cohesion and its effects on society?
• What does a true statement reflect about critical perspectives on deviance?
• What term describes the emotional and physical overwhelm experienced by Pan in a demanding nursing role?
• Durkheim’s study of suicide emphasized the impact of which societal factors?
• What is the significance of social networks in society?
• What does "class consciousness" refer to?
• What does the term "meritocracy" refer to?
• Who developed the theory that uses game play to understand the development of the self?
• What is the focus of conflict theory in sociology?
• Which of the following best describes the type of society where position is defined by economic status?
• According to Charles Horton Cooley's theory, we develop our self-concept by:
• What is meant by the term "role strain"?
• What do the critics of normative perspectives often emphasize regarding deviance?
• Matthew and Marissa's daughter exhibits behavior indicating she has not internalized which concept?
• Hegel's view on inequality is that it evolves and leads to conflict.
• What is the sociological imagination?
• What is the process of adapting to a new culture called?
• Stigma arises from discrepancies between which two identities?
• What are rituals used for in society?
• What role does media play in the socialization process?
• What are the three epistemological stages of human society according to Auguste Comte?
• In a meritocracy, what primarily determines an individual's success?
• What is the main focus of ethnomethodology?
• What is symbolic interactionism?
• What aspect typically characterizes fatalistic suicide in Durkheim's analysis?
• Which type of suicide does not provide clear social regulation and can lead to despair?
• In the context of commuting, well-being is considered the __________ variable, while commute time is the __________ variable.
• What kind of crime is exemplified by a customer service specialist stealing credit card numbers?
• Which theory suggests that social problems arise from individuals deviating from societal norms?
• How do sociologists typically gather data for quantitative research?
• What do functionalists emphasize in their perspective on society?
• What does Jean-Jacques Rousseau attribute as the source of social ills?
• What role does religion play in society according to sociology?
• Which aspect of Durkheim's theory relates to the idea of excessive regulation leading to suicide?
• What is a primary concern of peacemaking theory?
• What is the primary focus of social psychology?
• Which of the following does NOT represent an element of moral panics identified by Cohen?
• Can an individual who was recently incarcerated experience courtesy stigma?
• Zeke argues that the reason there's so much difference in pay between different types of occupations is that some groups in society are exploiting and dominating others. Kris disagrees and instead makes the case that more societally important occupations have higher pay in order to attract the most qualified workers, which ensures that society runs smoothly. Kris's argument focuses on
• Is Émile Durkheim credited with the theoretical foundation of Communism?
• According to Émile Durkheim, what does the division of labor in society help determine?
• Émile Durkheim classified suicide into which of the following categories?
• Critical race theory primarily examines the relationship between race and what?
• According to functionalists, what does the stability of social structures ensure?
• What is "social conformity"?
• Which term describes the collective processes by which societal norms are established and maintained?
• Which sociological paradigm emphasizes the role of power dynamics and social conflict in society?
• What is the significance of norms in society?
• What reasoning do thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment use to support private property?
• What consequence can arise when one's actual and virtual social identities are inconsistent?
• What role does family play in socialization?
• Which term describes a mechanism that reinforces social norms within a community?
• What is meant by the term "values conflict"?
• What is demography?
• What is culture in sociology?
• What type of equality is Ayla focused on by ensuring all children have adequate nutrition?
• Which of the following is a characteristic of bureaucracy?
• How does Scambler differentiate between stigma and deviance?
• Define socialization.
• Which theorist is associated with the conceptualization of different categories of norms?
• The lifelong process of learning and internalizing the norms of society, including how to behave and interact with others in various social settings, is called social construction.
• What does the term "glass ceiling" refer to?
• Hector grew up in New York City, where his entire family also lived. His parents always told their kids that they're "city people." As he got older, his friends and siblings all settled down in New York City and other major cities around the world. Hector, on the other hand, ended up living in a small town in Montana where he can pursue his passions—hiking and white-water rafting. Hector exemplifies the fact that
• What do functionalist theorists stress about education?
• Which type of suicide, according to Durkheim, is characterized by a lack of social regulation?
• Who coined the term "sociological imagination"?
• Which American sociologist's work most closely followed the functionalist tradition of analyzing social phenomena based on the role they played in society?
• Which of the following concepts relates to a person's likelihood of experiencing poverty based on their social background?
• What is one of the primary focuses of feminist theory in sociology?
• What generally results from societal perceptions of discreditable identities?
• If social hierarchy is defined by economic market position, which system does this describe?
• In the context of sociology, what is a key feature of social institutions?
• In the 1980s, what was Ken Auletta's assertion about the underclass's differences from the middle class?
• Karl Marx's theory of historical materialism argues that social change is driven by what?
• What is traditionally seen as the primary agent of socialization during childhood?
• What is one impact of urbanization on social structures?
• Which concept refers specifically to evaluating other cultures?
• How is deviance defined in sociology?
• Why is understanding demography important in sociology?
• What does the term social cohesion refer to in sociology?
• How do social movements typically manifest?
• What does social capital refer to?
• In Heckert and Heckert's typology, what is an individual called if they perform a negative behavior but receive a positive reaction?
• Jackie's concern about her potential for starting fires again is an example of which sociological concept?
• What is the process of constructing and applying definitions of deviance known as?
• What term refers to a formal organization characterized by a hierarchy of authority?
• What complicates the interpretation of crime rate changes over time?
• Which of the following describes the deductive approach to research? The researcher
• Which framing sequence do moral entrepreneurs use in their process?
• Émile Durkheim would categorize Jared's suicide as which type due to his constrained existence?
• What type of crime requires the violation of laws in the context of business or professional activities?
• Foucault's examination of the penal system highlights a transformation in:
• What term describes the process by which societal norms and expectations influence individual behavior over time?
• In sociology, a person's label is tied to which concept relating to identity?
• Which game is used as an example of equality of opportunity in sociological discussions?
• In which category of suicide does Durkheim classify individuals who feel a disconnection from the group?
• What is the basis for the conflicts described in Karl Marx’s view of society?
• What is the difference between ascribed and achieved status?
• In sociological research, what does the term 'operationalization' refer to?
• What does globalization refer to?
• Karl Marx argued that social institutions in a society were the result of the economic makeup of that society. Max Weber argued that
• In which context can the term 'norms' be understood?
• What term is used for an identity that carries negative associations, impacting one's place in society?
• Which term best captures the essence of stigma when societal expectations are not met?
• What does social mobility refer to?
• How does the sociological perspective view social institutions?
• How does Karl Marx refer to the class of workers he believes is divided from a small number of capitalists?
• What is a primary goal in sociology when questioning societal norms?
• What is the main premise of the sociological imagination?
• Peacemaking theory posits that punishing crime serves to discourage it.
• What do cultural norms represent in a society?
• Which of the following factors is essential for establishing causality?
• Which of the following is a primary focus of sociological research?
• Which statement best describes the functionalist perspective in sociology?
• What does the labeling theory suggest?
• What is typically a consequence of values conflict in a community?
• According to C. Wright Mills, what concept allows us to understand the relationship between history and biography?
• What is a primary agent of socialization?
• Which term refers to attempts to define what constitutes deviant behavior?
• What is ethnocentrism?
• What does cultural relativism emphasize?
• What defines "quantitative research" in sociology?
• What does the "Matthew effect" describe?
• What is the primary focus of symbolic interactionism in sociology?
• What are social roles?
• What is the primary focus of feminist theory?
• What is considered a characteristic of absolute poverty?
• What is role conflict?
• What is a social institution?
• How does a subculture differ from a counterculture?
• What does data triangulation in research imply?
• What is the function of education in society according to functionalist theorists?
• What term describes the expected behavior of someone with a visible social identity?
• What is the process by which individuals internalize societal norms called?
• What is the concept of "anomie" in sociology?
• What does the term “cultural relativism” refer to in sociology?
• What concept refers to the expected behaviors that society has toward individuals in specific roles?
• What can be inferred about the link between social norms and deviance?
• What does the term "subjectively problematic" imply in sociology?
• Jeanne Clery's parents are an example of which type of entrepreneurs?
• What best describes altruistic suicide as categorized by Durkheim?
• How does alienation typically affect an individual's mental health?
• What term refers to measuring poverty based on a household's income falling below the level necessary to sustain its members?
• What describes a key aspect of socialization?
• A poacher who stops hunting after hearing about a harsh penalty exemplifies which concept?
• Which description best sums up the concept of double consciousness in the daily life of a Black American?
• What does social stratification refer to?
• Phil is facing a decision between a family reunion and studying for an exam, indicating he is experiencing what?
• A politician claiming that aiding the poor is pointless because they reject mainstream practices is using which argument?
• What is a critical aspect of groupthink?
• The sociological imagination helps us connect which two elements within society?
• What best describes actual social identity?
• How does power relate to inequality in society?
• How is the term "alienation" defined in sociology?
• According to Goffman, an individual with an invisible chronic illness is characterized as which type of identity?
• What does conflict theory emphasize?
• Who proposed the stratification theory based on wealth distribution?
• Which of the following theories is included under critical conceptions of deviance?
• What is meant by social change?
• What term describes actions undertaken by individuals influenced by group dynamics?
• Which situation best exemplifies social behavior influenced by social networks?
• How do values differ from norms in sociology?
• Lindy would like to conduct a study to determine how women define spousal abuse and the meanings they attach to their experiences. Lindy would most likely use
• What is the purpose of qualitative research in sociology?
• Which definition describes a social movement?
• Which of the following best describes non-material culture?
• What term would best represent societal norms that are often accepted without question?
• Which research method focuses on detailed descriptions and interpretations of social experiences?
• The view of childhood as a distinct life phase highlights that:
• Who is regarded as the father of sociology?
• According to Foucault, a significant change in the modern prison system is the shift from what to what?
• What are the two main types of culture?
• What does "normative conformity" involve?
• Which of the following best describes "deviance admiration"?
• What is the primary goal of a sociological study?
• The Positivist/Normative Conception of deviance posits that deviant behaviors are:
• What is collective behavior?
• What characterizes a caste system?
• How does Goffman define stigma?
• Cohen’s study on moral panics identified how many elements of media reporting?